tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60870913055450101612024-03-07T20:30:02.524-08:00Bio pesticides and their use in AgricultureKRISHI MITRAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07602964651294629902noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6087091305545010161.post-87762283818185582622010-04-24T20:58:00.001-07:002010-04-24T21:10:51.608-07:00Available Biopesticides and its use in Agriculture<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>1. Trichoderma spp.</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Trichoderma spp. Viz. Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. hamatum, etc have been in use to produce various biopesticides under different trade or commercial names. It is highly active on root rot, foot rot, collar rot, stem rot, damping off, wilt, blight/leaf spot, of crops like patchouli, coleus, melissa and pulses, oil seeds, cucurbitaceous crops like cucumber,</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">pumpkin, bottle gourds, ridege gourds: Solanaceous crops like tomato, brinjal, chillies, capsicum:Cole crops i.e. cabbage, cauliflower: root crops diseases like tuber, rhizome rot of potato, ginger,turmeric along with rotten diseases of garlic, flowers etc, the product is also effective against sheath rot, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Treatments:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A. Seed treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 5 g /kg of seed or as prescribed on container.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: Make a paste or slurry adding 5 g in 10-20 ml of water or rice gruel. Pour 1kg of seed on to the paste or slurry and mixed properly to coat the seeds uniformly.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Shade dry the coated seeds for 20-30 minutes before sowing.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">B. Tuber/Rhizome/Cutting treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: As prescribed in the treatment / recommendation.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: Dip the tuber / rhizome/cuttings in the suspension prepare @ 10 g /litre of water. Shade dry for 15 minutes before planting.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">C. Seedling Treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 300 g. To treat seedling roots to cover one bigha.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: Prepare a suspension @ 5-10 g/litre of water. Dip the roots of seedling or 15 minutes and shade dry for 15 minutes before transplanting.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">D. Nursery bed treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 250 g for 400 sq.m nursery bed.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: 1) prepare a suspension by adding 250 g in 50 litres of water and drench the nursery bed soil. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ii) Mixed 250 g in 2 kg cowdung / compost/FYM and spread over 400 sq.m. nursery bed and irrigate the bed.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">E. Soil treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">i) Direct broadcasting:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 300 g for one bigha of land.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: Mix 300 g in 6 kg of FYM. Broadcast in one bigha of land and irrigate the field.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ii) Awaited broadcasting</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 30 g for one bigha of land</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: Mixed 30 g in 6 kg of FYM. Cover the mixture with polythene sheet for 7-15 days and broadcast in the field.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">iii) Furrow application:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: Any one of E (i) or E(ii) as above.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: It is highly effective in root crops like potato, ginger, turmeric etc and sugarcane.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The mixture is applied in furrows at the time of earthing up or after 30 days of planting.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">F. Foliar application:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 500 g/bigha</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: Make a paste by adding 10 g in 15 ml water and then add the paste to 1.5 litre of water. Mixed properly before spraying on the plant parts.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>2. Bacillus thuringiensis serover kurstaki</i>:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The biopesticides produce from B.t. is highly active on Diamond back moth of cabbage,army worm and semiloopers of Cole crops, pod borer of Bengal gram, fruit borer of tomato,shoot and fruit borer of brinjal, bhendi, red hairy caterpillar and Spodoptera spp. of groundnut,lemon butter fly etc.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Treatments:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: i) 100 – 150 g/ bigha for field crops.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ii) 150-200 g /bigha for orchards.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: The powder is first mixed with small quantity of water to prepare a uniform suspension.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Then the required quantity of water is added and thoroughly mixed before spray.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">NB: If the plants to be sprayed have waxy coating, a sticker or surfactant should be used in the suspension. The crops like cabbage, cauliflower contained waxy coating on leaves.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.<i> Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A. NPV (Helicoverpa): It is highly active on Helicoverpa armigera pest of cotton, gram, pea, pigeon pea, tomato, cabbage, groundnut, millets, oil seeds and roses.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">B. NPV (Spodoptera): The biopesticides prepared from this bioagent is highly effective against S .litura caterpillar, pest of cotton, gram, pigeon pea, cabbage, tomato, chillies and oil seed crops.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Treatments: Dose: 250 – 500 ml/ha.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: i) Shake the bottle properly and prepare a solution @ 1 ml/litre of water.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ii) Spray the solution 2-3 times at 10-15 days interval.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">iii) Spray preferably in the evening and on young larval stages or on sighting of</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">egg laying.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.<i>Beauvaria bassiana</i>:</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This bio pesticide is prepared from entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana that infects insect pests. It is most effective against lepidopteron caterpillar pest of vegetables and fruit plants and sucking pests like mites and spiders of vegetables and flowers, borer, white flies on cotton and vegetables, aphids, scale insect, Colorado beetle of potato. It is also highly effective against rice</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">hispa.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">i) Foliar spray:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 400-500 g in ½ bigha</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Methods: Mixed 5 g in 1 litre water and spray on the plant parts.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ii) For soil drench:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 250-500 g/3 bigha or as prescribed.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">5. <i>Neem based pesticides (Azadiractin 0.15 % EC)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This insecticide acts as excellent broad spectrum control of aphids, jassids, white flies,beetles, caterpillar, cutworm on vegetables, pulses, oil seeds, fruit trees, sugarcane. It acts on insect through multiple action as repellant, antifeedant, insect growth regulator and oviposition treatment.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Treatment:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dose: 1 litre / ha</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Method: i) Prepare a solution @ 3-5 ml/litre of water and spray at the time of hatching eggs and young stages of pests.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ii) Repeat the spray at 15 days intervals based on population.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(Compiled by Harsh Saxena)</span></span><br />
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